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Modeling the percutaneous absorption of solvent-deposited solids over a wide dose range: II. Weak electrolytes.
Tonnis, K, Jaworska, J, Kasting, GB
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2024;:435-447
Abstract
Dermal absorption of weak electrolytes applied to skin from pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions is an important consideration for both their efficacy and skin safety. We developed a mechanistic, physics-based framework that simulates this process for leave on applications following solvent deposition. We incorporated this framework into our finite dose computational skin permeation model previously tested with nonelectrolytes to generate quantitative predictions for weak electrolytes. To test the model, we analyzed experimental data from an in vitro human skin permeation study of a weak acid (benzoic acid) and a weak base (propranolol) and their sodium and hydrochloride salts from simple, ethanol/water vehicles as a function of dose and ionization state. Key factors controlling absorption are the pH and buffer capacity of the dose solution, the dissolution rate of precipitated solids into a lipid boundary layer and the rate of conversion of the deposited solid to its conjugate form as the nonionized component permeates and (sometimes) evaporates from the skin surface. The resulting framework not only describes the current test data but has the potential to predict the absorption of other weak electrolytes following topical application.
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Nordic Walking training in BungyPump form improves cognitive functions and physical performance and induces changes in amino acids and kynurenine profiles in older adults.
Rodziewicz-Flis, E, Juhas, U, Kortas, JA, Jaworska, J, Bidzan-Bluma, I, Babińska, A, Micielska, K, Żychowska, M, Lombardi, G, Antosiewicz, J, et al
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2023;:1151184
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively investigated, they are still far from being completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking training with BungyPump resistance poles (NW-RSA) on the amino acid and kynurenine profiles as well as selected myokine/exerkine concentrations, which may modify the interface between physical and cognitive functions. METHODS A group of 32 older adults participated in the study. Before and after the intervention, body composition, cognitive functions, and physical performance were assessed. Blood samples were taken before and 1 h after the first and last sessions of the NW-RSA training, to determine circulating levels of exercise-induced proteins, i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, kynurenine (KYN), metabolites, and amino acids. RESULTS The NW-RSA training induced a significant improvement in cognitive functions and physical performance as well as a reduction in fat mass (p = 0.05). Changes were accompanied by a decline in resting serum BDNF (p = 0.02) and a slight reduction in irisin concentration (p = 0.08). Still, changes in irisin concentration immediately after the NW-RSA intervention depended on shifts in kynurenine-irisin dropped as kynurenine increased. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan and phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratios decreased significantly, suggesting their possible involvement in the amelioration of cognitive functions. No changes of glucose homeostasis or lipid profile were found. Shifts in the concentrations of selected amino acids might have covered the increased energy demand in response to the NW-RSA training and contributed to an improvement of physical performance. CONCLUSION Regular Nordic Walking training with additional resistance (BungyPump) improved cognitive functions and physical performance. These positive effects were associated with a reduced BDNF concentration and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio as well as changes in the amino acid profile.
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In Vitro Human Skin Absorption of Solvent-deposited Solids: Niacinamide and Methyl Nicotinate.
Kasting, GB, Miller, MA, Xu, L, Yu, F, Jaworska, J
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2022;(3):727-733
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of the dose dependence of topical delivery is important to cosmetic and dermatological product development and to risk assessment for hazardous chemicals contacting the skin. Despite considerable research, predictive capability in this area remains limited. To this end we conducted an experimental skin absorption study of two closely related skin care agents, niacinamide (nicotinamide, NA) and methyl nicotinate (MN), and analyzed the results quantitatively using a transient diffusion model described separately (Yu et al. submitted for publication). Radiolabeled test compounds were solvent-deposited onto ex vivo human skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells over a dose range exceeding 4.5 orders of magnitude, and permeation was measured over a 1-4 day period. At low doses, the permeation rate of NA was approximately 60-fold lower than that of its lower melting, more lipophilic analog, MN; at high doses an even greater difference was observed. The difference can be qualitatively explained based on higher lipid solubility and lower crystallinity of MN relative to NA. Dissolution-limited mass transfer through a lipid layer at the SC surface is suggested. Relevance of the results to practical skin care formulations was confirmed by a parallel study of NA in an o/w emulsion.
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Ultrasound of the chest and mediastinum in children, interventions and artefacts. WFUMB review paper (part 3).
Fang, C, Jaworska, J, Buda, N, Ciuca, IM, Dong, Y, Feldkamp, A, Jüngert, J, Kosiak, W, Mentzel, HJ, Pienar, C, et al
Medical ultrasonography. 2022;(1):65-67
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, realtime imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation and bedside availability. The lack of superficial adipose tissue and favourable acoustic windows in children makes US the first line of investigation for evaluation of pleural and chest wall abnormalities.In the first part of the topic the technical requirements were explained and the use of ultrasound in the lung and pleura in paediatric patients were discussed. In the second part lung parenchymal diseases with their subpleural consolidations are reflected. In the third part, the use of ultrasound for chest wall, mediastinum, diaphragmatic diseases, trachea, interventions and artifacts in paediatric patients are summarized.
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Lung ultrasound in children, WFUMB review paper (part 2).
Dietrich, CF, Buda, N, Ciuca, IM, Dong, Y, Fang, C, Feldkamp, A, Jüngert, J, Kosiak, W, Mentzel, HJ, Pienar, C, et al
Medical ultrasonography. 2021;(4):443-452
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, real-time imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation and bedside availability. In the current World Federation of Societies for Ultra-sound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) paper series so far (part I) the topic has been introduced and the technical require-ments explained. In the present paper the use of US in the lung in paediatric patients is analysed. Lung diseases including the interstitial syndrome, bacterial pneumonia and viral infections, CoViD findings, atelectasis, lung consolidation, bronchiolitis and congenital diseases of the respiratory system including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and sequester but also pneumothorax are discussed.
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The Specific Judo Training Program Combined With the Whole Body Cryostimulation Induced an Increase of Serum Concentrations of Growth Factors and Changes in Amino Acid Profile in Professional Judokas.
Jaworska, J, Laskowski, R, Ziemann, E, Zuczek, K, Lombardi, G, Antosiewicz, J, Zurek, P
Frontiers in physiology. 2021;:627657
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific training program, supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation, on growth factors concentrations, amino acids profile and motor abilities in professional judokas. Ultimately, twelve athletes took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to the cryostimulation group (CRY, n = 6) or the control group (CON, n = 6). During 2 weeks of the judo training program, the CRY group performed 10 cryo-sessions (3-min, at a temperature of -110°C) and the CON group rested passively. Anthropometric measurements, a strength test, the Special Judo Efficiency Test (SJET) were assessed 2 days before and after the judo training program. Blood samples were collected at rest, 1 h after the first and the second SJET and 1 h after the first and the last cryo-session to establish growth factors and amino acid concentrations. Lactate level was measured before, immediately after and 1 h after the first and the second SJET. The applied intervention resulted in a significant increase of resting concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (from 10.23 ± 1.61 to 15.13 ± 2.93 ng⋅ml-1; p = 0.01) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; from 174.29 ± 49.34 to 300.50 ± 43.80 pg⋅ml-1; p = 0.00) in the CRY group. A different response was registered 1 h directly post SJET in the CRY group (a significant increase of IGF-1, interleukin 15 and irisin: p = 0.01; p = 0.00; p = 0.03). Additionally, the significant drop of proline and leucine concentrations in the CRY group was obtained. Athletes' performance remained unchanged in both groups. However, subjects perceived positive changes induced by the intervention - not directly after cryostimulation but in response to the specific training workload. The increase of growth factors concentrations and the improvement of amino acid profile (proline and leucine) contributed to maintaining a high level of muscle function.
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Dietary intake of antioxidants and fats in the context of coronary heart disease prevention among elderly people.
Kolarzyk, E, Skop-Lewandowska, A, Jaworska, J, Ostachowska-Gąsior, A, Krzeszowska-Rosiek, T
Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM. 2018;25(1):131-136
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of mortality in developed countries and is rapidly becoming a dominant cause of all deaths worldwide. The most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is diet. A diet which includes non-hydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables and adequate omega-3 fatty acids, can offer significant protection against CHD. The primary aim of the study was to estimate a diet's antioxidant capacity and assess the hierarchy of contribution of particular food products to a Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI). The study included 143 men and women aged 65-80 who were independent and without any physical or mental disability. On average, the DAI of study participants was low, with fruit having the largest contribution. In comparison to results obtained in a previous report by the same authors, the study showed that the participants consumed too little antioxidant food, as well as grains and cereal-based products, fresh herbs and beverages. This study recommends that the elderly population should be advised to consume a well-balanced diet rich in antioxidants originating from fresh fruit, vegetables and wholegrains to reduce the risk of CHD.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some literature data indicate that the proper intake of exogenic antioxidants from food and the proper intake of fats can offer significant protection against coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVES The estimation of total antioxidant capacity of food intake on the basis of Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI), together with an assessment of the contribution of particular food products in DAI, and the evaluation of consumption of all dietary fats and frequency of consumption of products that are a source of fats among elderly people in Krakow, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS 143 persons (73 women and 70 men) aged 65-80 were studied. None of them was under specialist medical control, including cardiological control. DAI was investigated on the basis of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which included 145 food items. DAI was measured using the method by Benzi and expressed as FRAP (the ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, measured in mMol/l). The daily intake of fats was estimated using the 24-h nutritional recall. The frequency of fats consumption was estimated with the usage of FFQ. For statistical analysis, χ2 test was used. RESULTS The mean value of DAI of all studied persons was 34.27 + 11.72 mMol/l. The largest percentage of those studied had FRAP values in the range 25-35 mMol/l. The highest contribution in the total DAI value was found in fruit (36.2%), grains and cereal-based products (23.6%), and beverages (24.0%). The consumption of vegetables was on the fourth position (7.1%). The contribution of the remaining food products was low. The consumption of total fats (about 70g/24h) and saturated fatty acids (14% of energetic value) exceeded the recommendations. The participation of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diets was not in accordance with recommendations. The most frequently consumed fats were animal fats (sausages, butter) and cakes, but the consumption of vegetable oils, fish, nuts and seeds of oil plants was too low. CONCLUSIONS The majority of elderly people made mistakes in their nutrition. The enrichment in natural antioxidants of the diets of elderly people and the normalization of their fats consumption should become an important element of primary and secondary prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.
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A 2-Week Specific Volleyball Training Supported by the Whole Body Cryostimulation Protocol Induced an Increase of Growth Factors and Counteracted Deterioration of Physical Performance.
Jaworska, J, Micielska, K, Kozłowska, M, Wnorowski, K, Skrobecki, J, Radzimiński, L, Babińska, A, Rodziewicz, E, Lombardi, G, Ziemann, E
Frontiers in physiology. 2018;:1711
Abstract
Potentially beneficial effects of cold therapies on training adaptation still remain unequivocal. We have, thus, decided to evaluate the effects of a 2-week volleyball training program supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation (WBC) on growth factors and physical performance. Twenty healthy college-aged men and women randomly assigned either to the cryostimulation group (CRY) or the control group (CON; executed passive rest). Both groups took part in the same 2-weeks training program. Additionally, the CRY group attended in 10 cryo-sessions (3 min, -110°C temperature, five times/week). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 1 h after the first cryo-session as well as before and 1 h after the last session of WBC to assess growth factors, myokines concentration and the amino acid profile. Motor abilities were tested before commencing the training program and 2 days after its completion. The applied intervention resulted in an increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations. The adjusted effect describing the difference between groups in response to applied procedures was for both growth factors large and very likely in the CRY, higher than in the CON group (113%; Coefficient Interval: 38-230%, 45%; Coefficient Interval: 17-79%, respectively). Physical performance dropped in both groups, yet in the CRY group, the magnitude of change was smaller. The fibroblast growth factor dropped significantly 1 h following the first cryo-session, yet irisin remained statistically unchanged. The similar tendency was maintained after the whole procedure, still the range of changes was smaller. In the CRY group, an elevated uptake of tryptophan and valine noted in response to the whole intervention, could have induced a significant decrease of fasting glucose concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely -6%; Coefficient Interval: -10 to -2%). Overall, a 2-week volleyball training program supported by the whole body cryostimulation protocol resulted in an increase of growth factors and offset a decline of physical performance. Thus these procedure can be applied in professional sport during competition period, especially among those disciplines focusing on an explosive power and ability to concentrate.
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Changes in pro-inflammatory markers and leucine concentrations in response to Nordic Walking training combined with vitamin D supplementation in elderly women.
Gmiat, A, Mieszkowski, J, Prusik, K, Prusik, K, Kortas, J, Kochanowicz, A, Radulska, A, Lipiński, M, Tomczyk, M, Jaworska, J, et al
Biogerontology. 2017;18(4):535-548
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Aging is linked to a progressive increase in body fat and a corresponding decline in muscle mass and muscle strength called Sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that there is a positive effect of both exercise and vitamin D supplementation in musculoskeletal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined Nordic walking and vitamin D supplementation in older adult women with respect to their musculoskeletal health. Twenty-seven women aged 67 ± 8 years were recruited and divided into groups with baseline vitamin D concentration more than 20 ng mL or less. Both groups performed Nordic Walking training combined with vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks. The authors reported that physical exercise in this instance Nordic walking is associated with reducing age-related decline in muscle mass by decreasing the pro-inflammatory proteins whilst increasing the uptake of protein and at the same time improving in the muscle protein synthesis. The authors further concluded that further studies are required to explain the exact mechanism of this observation.
Abstract
Mechanisms underpinning age-related decreases in muscle strength and muscle mass relate to chronic inflammation. Physical activity induces an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is modulated by additional factors. We hypothesized that vitamin D, which has also anti-inflammatory activity will modify adaptation to exercise and reduce inflammation in elderly women. Twenty-seven women aged 67 ± 8 years were included and divided into groups with baseline vitamin D concentration more than 20 ng mL-1 (MVD) and less than 20 ng mL-1 (LVD). Both groups performed 1 h Nordic Walking (NW) training combined with vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of inflammation markers, branched amino acids, vitamin D, muscle strength and balance were assessed at the baseline and three days after intervention. The training caused the significant decrease in concentration of pro-inflammatory proteins HMGB1 (30 ± 156%; 90% CI) and IL-6 (-10 ± 66%; 90% CI) in MVD group. This effects in group MVD were moderate, indicating vitamin D as one of the modifiers of these exercise-induced changes. Rise of myokine irisin induced by exercise correlated inversely with HMGB1 and the correlation was more pronounced at the baseline as well as after training among MVD participants. Although the intervention caused the leucine level to rise, a comparison of the recorded response between groups and the adjusted effect indicated that the effect was 20% lower in the LVD group. Overall the applied training program was effective in reducing HMGB1 concentration. This drop was accompanied by the rise of myokine irisin and better uptake of leucine among women with higher baseline vitamin D.
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Fluticasone or montelukast in preschool wheeze: a randomized controlled trial.
Krawiec, M, Strzelak, A, Krenke, K, Modelska-Wozniak, I, Jaworska, J, Kulus, M
Clinical pediatrics. 2015;(3):273-81
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 30% of children younger than 3 years experience at least 1 episode of wheezing. Antiasthmatic medication is routinely prescribed, but its effectiveness remains unclear. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on frequency and severity of preschool wheeze episodes (PWEs). METHODS Children aged 6 to 36 months with the first up to the third PWE were randomly assigned to receive montelukast, fluticasone, or no treatment for 12 weeks. The outcome measures were the number of PWEs, the number of hospitalizations due to PWE, and the severity of respiratory symptoms. results: There were no significant differences in outcome measures between the groups. However, tobacco-exposed children treated with fluticasone had significantly fewer PWEs (P = .01). CONCLUSION Neither montelukast nor fluticasone has proven effective in the prevention of PWE recurrence. Children of smoking parents may benefit from fluticasone treatment after PWE. This observation requires confirmation in larger studies.